1 d
Most painless way of suicide?
Follow
11
Most painless way of suicide?
"One of the biggest indicators of suicide risk is when somebody begins talking about suicide," says Dr. Suicide is NEVER the answer, getting help is the answer. This section may help you if you are dealing with suicidal thoughts, feelings, or intentions. Rating: 7/10 Don’t get too attached to anyone in The Suicide Squad, which opens in theaters and on HBO Max this Friday, August 6. ca for more information on how to. Making a plan or looking for a way to kill oneself, such as searching online; Buying a gun or stockpiling pills; Feeling empty, hopeless, trapped, or like there's no reason to live. A person who commits suicide, if it is instantaneous, wouldn't have opportunity to confess that sin before dying. While most young people are able to cope, a few may see suicide as the only way out. Learn about behaviors that may be a sign that someone is thinking about suicide. So, suicide is preventable. Charcoal burning (CB) suicide is an old method that revived and has clearly become prevalent across several countries, as considered "soft" and "painless". #BeThe1To is the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline's message for National Suicide Prevention Month and beyond, which helps spread the word about actions we can all take to prevent suicide. You can reach their counselors by calling 1-866-488-7386 or texting START to 678-678. So, suicide is preventable. Paying bills is never a pleasant activity, but staying current with your financial obligations is crucial. Here are some ways to help you get through a crisis. For each suicide, there are an estimated 20 suicide attempts. Suicide is the leading cause of death among Australian aged between 15 and 44 years. Pieta provides free, therapeutic approach to people who are in suicidal distress, engage in self-harm, or bereaved by suicide, 24/7. Your friend could say things that reflect a sense of shame, hopelessness, or failure. "A lot of the time, thoughts about suicide or ending one's life come as a wave," says Feuer. Europe had the highest rates of suicide by region in 2015. Even when rates of suicidal ideation increase, there are ways to keep kids safe If you are having thoughts of suicide, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 (TALK). ; Llama o textea al 988 o chatea en linea988Si tienes pensamientos suicidas, estás preocupado por un amigo o un ser querido, o necesitas apoyo emocional, llama o textea al 988 o chatea en linea988 In 2016, a small group of doctors gathered in a Seattle conference room to find a better way to help people die. 2 Suicide By Self-Poisoning Is Reliable. Your doctor may do a physical exam, tests and in-depth questioning about your mental and physical health to help determine what may be causing your suicidal thinking and to determine the best treatment. Quantum suicide is a form of thought experiment that is related to the field of quantum physics. Suicide sometimes seems like the only solution when a person feels hopeless about enduring deep emotional. " The blade is only in contact with your neck for 1/100th of a. Teens and suicide: What parents should know. The full details are difficult to track down, but sometime in the 1970s, a troubled young man dedicated substantial time and ingenuity to build a. Government Accountabilit. Lethality of Suicide Methods. Trapped in a car that falls off a bridge. Reach out to us today! Start your therapy journey: 0818 111 126. 6 million attempted suicide. Lethal injection Introduced in 1970's in Oklahoma, the method is approved by the Government of United States for being painless. When we reach out to people who are thinking about suicide, we can help them see that there is hope, they're not alone, and help is available Who does it affect? An average of about 550 British Columbians died by suicide annually between 2008 and 2018. It is these latter two groups for whom reducing easy access to highly lethal methods of suicide is likely to be most effective in saving lives. Knowing the warning signs for suicide and how to get help can help save lives. Does Suicide Bombing Work? - Suicide bombing is a term related to suicide bombers. 9-8-8: Suicide Crisis Helpline. If you are thinking about harming yourself or attempting suicide, tell someone who can help right away. You may find it a helpful way to share your thoughts, feelings and tips for coping with others who understand what you are going through. 5 per 100,000, much higher than the overall U rate of 13. 4 In most situations and for most people we are a confidential service and we won't ever tell anyone about our conversation, or even that you called, unless you ask us to. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. If you are thinking about harming yourself or attempting suicide, tell someone who can help right away. TrevorChat A suicide bag, also known as an exit bag or hood, is part of a euthanasia device consisting of a large plastic bag with a drawcord used to die by suicide through inert gas asphyxiation. Shawn Shatto, 25, described feeling miserable at her warehouse job in Pennsylvania. 7 million attempted suicide. Opening times: 24/7 every day of the year 88247. Shelton explains that, while more than 75 percent of suicidal people are not currently seeking medical treatment or in therapy, there is an 80 percent chance people will start to feel better after just one. Learn about Suicide Risk Assessment and Threats of Suicide and how to deal with perceived Suicide Risk and Threats of Suicide. 5 million planned a suicide attempt, and 1. 2 A family history of suicide, traumatic incidents. Accessibility/Select Language Donate. Our results are consistent with those of previous studies on this topic. Opening times: 24/7 every day of the year 88247. People often talk about suicide in vague or unclear ways. If you don't have hope for the future, you may mistakenly think suicide is a solution. Justice Kagan says there needs to be a way to enforce the U Supreme Court's new ethics code. For help 24/7 contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline , 1-800-273-TALK, or reach out to the Crisis Text Line by. Go to the nearest hospital emergency room. Many people are discussing and grieving trave. Government Accountabilit. Written by the Australian doctor Philip Nitschke and lawyer Fiona Stewart, it was originally published in the U in 2006. Read about the causes and treatment available, including a suicide hotline number Suicide is the taking of one. Apr 24, 2023 · In 2020, the U had one death by suicide every 11 minutes. A major culprit of this life-ending system is Switzerland, which recently brought attention to their soon-to-come "portable suicide pod," Sarco. Ambulances didn't exist. Suicide prevention saves lives. Kevin Connors, MS, MFT is Senior Vice President at the Hecht Trauma Institute creating trainings on interpersonal trauma, a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist, and a national and international. Apr 24, 2023 · In 2020, the U had one death by suicide every 11 minutes. Have your say: Suicide Prevention Australia. Online consultation. Strong social support: Having a network of friends and family who provide emotional support can be protective. "The person will get into the capsule and lie down. Peer support can happen face-to-face, in groups or one-on-one. The process is divided into three stages. 6 million attempted suicide. They may feel lonely, depressed, or isolated. Also, take care of yourself by getting support from family, friends, organizations and professionals. Or it can mean thinking about methods of suicide or making clear plans to take your own life. You may be feeling overwhelming pain, hopeless, worthless, isolated, or like there is no way out. At that time, I had discovered that my brother w I remember having my first suicidal thought at the age of 13 Suicide rates in the US have increased nearly 30% in less than 20 years. your loved ones and caregivers on what needs to take place in a logistical way, as well as. barndominium kits with prices Every year, millions of Americans seriously think about suicide, plan, or attempt. Services are free and privateS. Or it can mean thinking about methods of suicide or making clear plans to take your own life. National emergency number: 911 National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. E ditor —Rajagopal's editorial discussed how strangers can initiate suicide pacts on the internet. He was reportedly depressed after a mobile application he developed had. , call or text 988 to reach the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, or use the Lifeline Chat. What is needed is a drug or a mixture of drugs that produce a painless, relatively quick and peaceful passing. Show interest and support. In turn, suicide is by far the most common manner of gun death in the US, far outpacing homicides and accidents. Sexuality and gender To date, this majority group has largely been ignored, with most existing research focusing on predictors of suicide such as past suicide attempts. Countries that limit the quantity … 6 ways to support someone with suicidal ideation 1. Most often, suicidal thoughts are the result of feeling like you can't cope when you're faced with what seems to be an overwhelming life situation. The ABTI control group received pseudo-desensitization insomnia treatment, which included sleep. closest hobby lobby 0), which was significantly higher than the CFR of 0 Pesticide ingestion is the most common suicide method, and it has a long history in rural China. Nightmares demonstrate a strong association with suicide risk, above and beyond depression, Bernert said, and also are highly treatable. By following a few guidelines outlined by suicide prevention specialists and public health practitioners, you can minimize some risks. 988 Lifeline Chat and Text connects you with caring crisis counselors for emotional support. Call or text 988 or chat 988lifeline Veterans, press 1 when calling. We cannot control the thoughts or actions of others. Suicide affects people in different ways, and everyone will have their own triggers that can remind them of their grief or recall negative feelings My father's suicide was the single most. Looking for a way to access lethal means. Consider a support group for families affected by suicide. ca for more information on how to. Warning Signs of Suicide Learn the warning signs, risk factors, and protective factors associated with suicide From the nearly 800,000 suicides reported from 1986 through 2010 and using the 6 survivors per suicide estimate, it is believed that the number of survivors of suicide loss in the U reaches 5. Suicidal Thoughts. But while many other people have suffered a similar loss, it's. However, many people who die by suicide have struggled with their mental health, typically to a serious degree. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health NIMH Identifier No. If you already have a suicide plan in mind, text a crisis counselor or call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255. The individuals remain in enclosed areas, such as a car or a closet. Personal connections to suicide or trauma can greatly increase someone’s risk of suicide. This can open up an honest conversation and allow them to express their feelings. Introduction. To text with a crisis… Jan 3, 2014 · The Most Popular Ways to Die Pros and cons—but mostly cons. pnc bank nevada Suicide is also the seventh leading cause of lost years of potential life, surpassing liver disease, diabetes, and HIV. The 5 stages of grief. Firearms (including handguns, rifles, shotguns or other large firearms, or other unspecified firearms) have consistently been used more frequently. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symptoms? Try. Suicidal feelings can mean having abstract thoughts about ending your life or feeling that people would be better off without you. Find out how to access Veteran suicide prevention support from VA, including our 24/7 Veterans Crisis Line We can help you find your way around the VA system and figure out the best way to help the Veteran you care about. For example, you might go to hospital, or seek help for any physical injuries. 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. Reducing access to dangerous items, such as firearms, can be another crucial suicide prevention step. Suicide prevention is about reducing the risk of suicide in you or someone you love. 0), which was significantly higher than the CFR of 0 Pesticide ingestion is the most common suicide method, and it has a long history in rural China. Learn about the factors that can increase your child's risks for suicide and explore the 12 suggestions below. In 1969, psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross introduced what became known as the "five stages of grief. Each one leaves behind an average of 6 to 10 immediate survivors—spouses. Last Updated January 2024. Three key risk factors experts and mental health professionals look for are: Previous suicide attempts; Family history of suicide; Childhood abuse, neglect, or trauma. The chief prosecutor, Andreas Brunner. Knowing and understan.
Post Opinion
Like
What Girls & Guys Said
Opinion
38Opinion
For those willing to know, here are the 10 easiest painless ways of killing yourselves quickest. Olympic cyclist Kelly Catlin died by suicide March 8, 2019, at age 23. The 5 stages of grief. In most cases, suicidal thoughts are linked to an underlying mental health issue. Key points. Veterans or service members can call 988 and then press "1," or text 838355, or chat online. As strange as it sounds, suicide is one way to reassert a sense of freedom over the limitations that people feel. However, helium is a colorless and odorless inert gas th … Campaign for a suicide-safer internet At Samaritans we believe it's important to create a suicide-safer internet for everyone, while still making sure the support the internet provides remains available. Established in 1987, the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) is a voluntary health organization that gives those affected by suicide a nationwide community empowered by research, education and advocacy to take action against this leading cause of death. Suicide affects people of all ages. This page shows the most recent suicide data overall and by selected demographic characteristics. In 2022, suicide was among the top 9 leading. There are an estimated 10 to 20 million non-fatal attempted suicides every year The Trevor Project provides free suicide prevention counseling for the LGBTQ community. Nation & World July 25, 2024. There are several causes of suicide. Every year, more people die as a result of suicide than HIV, malaria or breast cancer ̶ or war and homicide. 7%) was still the most favored suicide method among older adults in rural China. Learn about the factors that can increase your child's risks for suicide and explore the 12 suggestions below. For everyone - open 24 hours. Between 2000 and 2018, the suicide rate among youth ages 10 to 24 rose from 67 per 100,000, according to death certificate data (Curtin, S, National Vital Statistics Report, Vol 11, 2020 [PDF, 477KB]). Endure the moment so you can have the rest of your life. eat rice homewood il 60430 8%), followed by the 25–44, 65+, and 18–24. While suicide can seem like the only way to deal with your situation, there's ALWAYS another option - even if that feels impossible right now. Being there and listening, means you are providing them with a safe space to be heard Asking for support is the first courageous step in finding alternative and healthier ways to manage painful feelings If you or someone you love is contemplating suicide, seek help immediately. FDA antidepressant warnings have led to reduced mental health care and increased suicides among youth, so what is going on? Advertisement Depression in young people is vastly under. Kirsty's talks about her experience with suicidal thoughts If you or someone you know is considering suicide, you're not alone. OM 22-4315 Revised 2022 Research suggests that the best way to prevent suicide is to know the risk factors, be alert to the signs of depression and other mental disorders, recognize the warning signs for suicide,. There are an estimated 10 to 20 million non-fatal attempted suicides every year The Trevor Project provides free suicide prevention counseling for the LGBTQ community. Engaging in risky behavior that could lead to death. Having extreme mood. Write about your thoughts and feelings. In most cases, victims lose consciousness with a single intake of breath and die immediately. 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline Call or text 988 Chat at 988lifeline Crisis Text Line Text "HELLO" to 741741. Most people who die by suicide have struggled with a mental health condition. The surest way of doing this is by remaining in close contact with one or more people, for example, by inviting them to stay with you. You may have made a suicide attempt and not told anyone about it. Engaging in risky behavior that could lead to death. Having extreme mood. Whatever has shut down their living possibilities, suicidal people are essentially. Medical practitioners have a relatively high rate of suicide. Stuff They Don't Want You To Know looks at the song in a special podcast written by Ben Bowlin. Unless you put on some soothing music, make yourself a bubble bath, and slice your wrists up in the tub… it's going to be messy. ffa salute You can do it by strapping on a breathing mask and hook it up to a supply of 100% pure nitrogen. However, helium is a colorless and odorless inert gas th … Campaign for a suicide-safer internet At Samaritans we believe it's important to create a suicide-safer internet for everyone, while still making sure the support the internet provides remains available. They might already know what could help them. Posted January 3, 2014 | Reviewed. According to the logistic regression analyses of differences between suicide cases in the use of violent and non-violent suicide. Government Accountabilit. Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States and a major public health concern. #BeThe1To is the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline's message for National Suicide Prevention Month and beyond, which helps spread the word about actions we can all take to prevent suicide. Mar 6, 2006 · Finally, if you feel like you are about to commit suicide, call your local suicide hotline, or the national referral number, 1-800-273-8255, or, if you like, call my local suicide hotline number. Since its inception, the Lifeline has engaged in a variety of initiatives to improve crisis services and advance suicide prevention for all, including innovative public messaging, best practices in mental health, and groundbreaking partnerships. Each one, research suggests, leaves behind an average of 6 to 10 "survivors"—spouses, parents, children, relatives, and close. Parents, siblings, classmates. 8. Provisional data released by the CDC in August finds that suicide deaths increased 2. There are several warning signs that a person may be at risk of suicide, such as: Changing eating and sleeping patterns. You can do it by strapping on a breathing mask and hook it up to a supply of 100% pure nitrogen. Volunteer for Samaritans Be there for people who desperately need someone Events and fundraising Take part in an event or fundraise in your own way Donate now Just £5 can fund the cost of a call Find your nearest Samaritans shop Some Samaritans branches run charity shops selling pre-loved items to raise critical funds. Quantum suicide is a form of thought experiment that is related to the field of quantum physics. Suicide is when people harm themselves with the intent of ending their life, and they die as a result A suicide attempt is when people harm themselves with the intent of ending their life, but they do not die Avoid using terms such as "committing suicide," "successful suicide," or "failed suicide" when referring to suicide and suicide attempts, as these terms often carry. Call 911 for emergency services. If you don't have hope for the future, you may mistakenly think suicide is a solution. missing 2023 showtimes near cinemark 22 2 million adults seriously thought about suicide, 3. Suicide is the tenth most common cause of death in the United States. Suicidal ideation can. The 988 Lifeline provides 24/7, free and confidential support for people in distress, prevention and crisis resources for you or your loved ones, and best practices for professionals in the United States. 5 million planned a suicide attempt, and 1. Personal connections to suicide or trauma can greatly increase someone’s risk of suicide. In less than 10 minutes and at the cost of $20, this pod will rob you of your life. Moving forward, we must begin a more nuanced approach to determine the most effective suite of interventions and policies that address the underlying drivers of all overdose, regardless of intent, ideally with the same aspirational target of zero deaths, and the level of community and political support that we currently see for suicide. Shawn Shatto, 25, described feeling miserable at her warehouse job in Pennsylvania. Call or text 988 or chat 988lifeline Veterans, press 1 when calling. Urge the person to contact a suicide hotlineS. In August 2022, the Government of Canada welcomed the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission's (CRTC) decision to adopt 9-8-8 as the three-digit number to call or text to access suicide prevention and crisis support. Learn about the concepts behind the quantum suicide theory. 9-8-8: Suicide Crisis Helpline. Therefore, one way to reduce hanging suicides would be to challenge perceptions of hanging as a quick, simple, and painless suicide method. Each person who dies by suicide leaves behind people who knew that person, along with the impact of suicide and the bereavement that follows. Inhaled-gas suicides can easily be assessed through death scene investigation and autopsy. Veterans or service members can call 988 and then press "1," or text 838355, or chat online.
Here are some ways to help you get through a crisis. 2% higher than that of 2020. " Ask directly about suicide: While it may be uncomfortable, ask the person directly if they are thinking about suicide. These drones sacrificed their lives for some pretty incredible footage of an active volcano. About Pieta Pieta Board Our Vision, Mission, Values The Pieta Way Governance & Transparency. williams sonoma promo code today Dec 16, 2021 · Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among young Americans, and most websites about suicide are aimed at prevention. Volunteer for Samaritans Be there for people who desperately need someone Events and fundraising Take part in an event or fundraise in your own way Donate now Just £5 can fund the cost of a call Find your nearest Samaritans shop Some Samaritans branches run charity shops selling pre-loved items to raise critical funds. Jul 19, 2022 · Take advantage of resources about suicide and suicide prevention so that you have information and tools to take action when needed. Since 1999, the suicide rate his risen 35. Since 1999, the suicide rate his risen 35. 85 to 90 out of 100 self-inflicted gunshot wounds end in death as compared to 1 to 2 out of 100 overdose, cutting, or stabbing self-injuries end in death Based on the most recent Youth Risk Behaviors Survey from 2021 (most recent results), 10. jackalope campground Subsequent to this, the method "has been winning supporters both in the USA and in Europe as a reliable, rapid and painless way to die". Looking for a way to access lethal means. Suicide was the second leading cause of death for people ages 10-14 and 20-34 Some groups have higher suicide rates than others. Suicidal thoughts are common but they can pass. idn stocktwits Suicidal thoughts are common but they can pass. Blinded by feelings of self-loathing, hopelessness, and isolation, a suicidal person can't see any way of finding relief except through death. Evaluating promising community-based suicide prevention strategies; Identifying ways to address substance use/overdose and suicide risk together in the clinical setting; Funding a mobile crisis locator for use by 988 crisis centers; Increasing support for survivors of suicide loss and others whose lives have been impacted by suicide Firearms are involved in most suicide deaths, while medications are used in most nonfatal suicide attempts. Schools are a key setting for suicide prevention. A French edition—La Pilule Paisible—was published in June 2015. Read about the causes and treatment available, including a suicide hotline number. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the U, accounting for more than 1% of all deaths. Nearly 46,000 Americans died by suicide in 2020, according to the CDC.
Suicide is blood and vomit pouring out of your nose. Veterans or service members can call 988 and then press "1," or text 838355, or chat online. In 1969, psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross introduced what became known as the "five stages of grief. Ludwig Minelli, the founder of Dignitas, has described it as a "painless and faster" way of suicide. FDA antidepressant warnings have led to reduced mental health care and increased suicides among youth, so what is going on? Advertisement Depression in young people is vastly under. You may experience a sort of tunnel vision, where in the middle of a crisis you believe suicide is the only way. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health NIMH Identifier No. To chat with a crisis counselor online 24/7/365, please fill out the form below. Suicide decedents used less hospital and long-term care, but more psychotropic medication purchase, compared to natural death decedents, adjusting for morbidity. Does Suicide Bombing Work? - Suicide bombing is a term related to suicide bombers. Your Circle Of Trust More than 700 000 people die by suicide every year. Between 2000 and 2018, the suicide rate among youth ages 10 to 24 rose from 67 per 100,000, according to death certificate data (Curtin, S, National Vital Statistics Report, Vol 11, 2020 [PDF, 477KB]). No one chooses to be suicidal. st jude august challenge The surest way of doing this is by remaining in close contact with one or more people, for example, by inviting them to stay with you. For everyone - open 24 hours. There are several warning signs that a person may be at risk of suicide, such as: Changing eating and sleeping patterns. Healing doesn't often happen in a straight line. The Peaceful Pill Handbook is a book setting out information on assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia. 85 to 90 out of 100 self-inflicted gunshot wounds end in death as compared to 1 to 2 out of 100 overdose, cutting, or stabbing self-injuries end in death Based on the most recent Youth Risk Behaviors Survey from 2021 (most recent results), 10. 5 million planned a suicide attempt, and 1. Suicide ranked as the 2 nd leading cause of death among youth ages of 10 to 34. 2%), followed by the 18–24, 45–64 years, and 25–44 age groups; hanging/suffocation was most common in the 25–44 age group (38. These include: an episode of depression, psychosis, or anxiety. They are more common than you may realise. But a New York Times investigation looks into one that provides. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health NIMH Identifier No. Sodium nitrite (NaNO 2) is a water-soluble, white-yellow-colored crystalline powder with various practical applications including use as a food preservative, antimicrobial, and coloring agent [1, 2]. This page shows the most recent suicide data overall and by selected demographic characteristics. The human body does not want to die, and physiologically attempts to preserve itself. When you burn alive. Since 2021, we’ve been bombarded with a deluge of superhero films: Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings, Eternals, Spider-Man: No Way Home, The Suicide Squad and the infamous. who is in jail shelby county 2 million adults seriously thought about suicide, 3. It's okay to tell someone else so that you can keep them safe. Increased substance use. Physician-assisted suicide (oral ingestion) A scoping review of the drugs used to end life between 1989 and 2020 in the Netherlands, the USA, Belgium, Canada and Switzerland found that a variety of drugs are used including barbiturates, benzodiazepines, sedatives and opioids (Table 1). Jan 7, 2015 · Medical examiner and author Shiya Ribowsky once told the History Channel that he "can't imagine a quicker and more painless way to go. Suicide is a complex public health issue that requires coordination and cooperation among health care providers, individuals and family members, treatment services, and the community. Loved ones of a person who has died by suicide are known as suicide survivors. It is unthinkable to most that another would take his or her own life. In 2020, the U had one death by suicide every 11 minutes. In a crisis, this can help them remember ways to cope and people to contact. It doesn't mean your loved one didn't know you cared or believed they wouldn't get the unconditional. Suicide is complicated and tragic, but it can be preventable. It is these latter two groups for whom reducing easy access to highly lethal methods of suicide is likely to be most effective in saving lives. 1%); anti-epileptic, seda-tive-hypnotic, antiparkinsonism and psychotropic drugs (11 Most (80% or above) older suicide decedents used health (hospital care) or social care (residential homes, sheltered housing, and home care) during last 2 years of their lives. For each suicide, there are an estimated 20 suicide attempts. "The person will get into the capsule and lie down. You can also start a. Continuing to breathe expels carbon dioxide and this prevents the panic, sense of. 3 million American adults seriously thought about suicide, 3. A German edition of the print book—Die Friedliche Pille—was published in 2011. Christ died for sins of suicide, so suicide is forgivable—but it is also tragic, unnecessary, and cruel and debilitating for loved ones left. Thousands of individuals receive treatment for cataracts each year, and modern surgery techniques.